Ishikawa Diagram - Tool

An Ishikawa chart, also known as a fishbone diagram or cause-and-effect diagram, is a visual tool used to identify and analyze the potential causes of a specific problem or issue. 

It was developed by Kaoru Ishikawa, a Japanese quality control expert. The chart resembles the skeleton of a fish, with the "head" representing the problem, and the "bones" branching out to show different categories of potential causes.

Here's how to create and understand an Ishikawa chart in detail:

1. Identify the Problem (Head of the Fish):

Clearly define the problem or issue you want to analyze. This should be stated in a concise and specific manner.

2. Determine Major Categories (Main Bones):

These categories are the main factors that could contribute to the problem. Common categories are often called the "6Ms": Manpower, Method, Machine, Material, Measurement, and Mother Nature (Environment).

3. Create Branches (Secondary Bones):

Under each major category, draw lines that represent the potential sub-causes or factors related to that category. These are the factors that could contribute to the problem within that category.

4. Identify Detailed Causes (Tertiary Bones):

For each sub-cause, further break down the factors into more specific causes or potential reasons. This could involve brainstorming with a team or conducting research to uncover underlying issues.

5. Analyze and Identify Root Causes:

Once you've mapped out the potential causes, review and analyze them. Look for patterns, commonalities, and connections among the causes. Identify the most likely root causes that are contributing to the problem.

6. Prioritize and Take Action:

Focus on addressing the root causes that have the most significant impact on the problem. Develop strategies, solutions, or improvements to mitigate these root causes.

An Ishikawa chart helps teams visualize the various factors that might be contributing to a problem, facilitating discussion AND collaboration among team members. It's important to note that an Ishikawa chart is a starting point for problem-solving and analysis. It doesn't provide definitive solutions but guides teams in identifying and addressing the underlying issues causing the problem.

Remember that creating an Ishikawa chart involves collaboration and input from various stakeholders who have different perspectives on the problem. The visual nature of the chart helps in fostering a shared understanding of the problem and its potential causes.